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Color Cycling

Color cycling is a method used to add simple animations to images without using individual frames.
Instead neighboring palette entries were swapped around, making it possible to change complete pixel groups.

The effect and its limitations can be best compared to the way that old advertisement billboards, made out of fluorescent tubes, worked.

DeluxePaint_Waterfall

DeluxePaint_Yacht

  • Diga
  • 1991
  • Lowres (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors (31 used)
Diga

AndreasDietrich_Squares
Printed in Amiga Magazin July 1988 - Page 144

BHrKi_Strassenbahn

ThiloBlochmann_PerpetuumMobile
Printed in Amiga Magazin July 1988 - Page 144

ThomasGraenicher_EinSternWirdZumStar
Printed in Amiga Magazin July 1988 - Page 142

AH_Lemur

Christensen_MachinesMachine1
Christensen_MachinesMachine2
Christensen_MachinesMachine3
Christensen_PerpetualMotion
  • Christensen
  • 1989
  • Hires Interlaced (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 16 colors
Christensen_MachinesMachine1
  • Christensen
  • 1989
  • Hires Interlaced (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 16 colors
Christensen_MachinesMachine2
  • Christensen
  • 1989
  • Hires Interlaced (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 16 colors
Christensen_MachinesMachine3
  • Christensen
  • 1989
  • Hires Interlaced (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 16 colors
Christensen_PerpetualMotion

Christensen_Watch1
Christensen_Watch2
  • Christensen
  • 1989
  • Hires Interlaced (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 16 colors
Christensen_Watch1
  • Christensen
  • 1989
  • Hires Interlaced (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 16 colors
Christensen_Watch2

  • Lowres (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
CyclingJeep

  • Hires (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 16 colors
CyclingWaterfall

  • Lowres (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
FlugsaurierJet
Nice usage of color cycling to also make the eyes look around.

  • Lowres (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
FutureRoad

Krest_Storm
Krest_Blizzard
Krest_Storm
Nicely animated rainstorm. Color cycling is put to good use for raindrops, the river and even the occasional lightning.
Krest_Blizzard
The same view but as a snow covered blizzard. This time we have animated snow falling, the river and some branches swaying in the wind.
Interestingly both scenes use the same color cycling ranges for the animations. But you can see the blizzard scene still has the gaps for the lightning bolts, without the animation and the animated branches added over the existing branches of the storm scene.
This indicates that the storm picture was created afterwards, with mostly just changes in the color palette.

  • Lowres (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
MouseControl

  • Lowres (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
NH_StJoris

  • Lowres (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
Pic26

  • Lowres (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
Quarix

  • Lowres (NTSC)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
Robot2

  • Lowres (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors
StartendesFlugzeug
This color cycling animation includes a moving runway and runway lights, but also moving props, navigation lights, as well as a retracting landing gear. Impressive.

AMuse

  • Amiga
Boing
The Amiga Boing Ball demo was created during a night at the 1984 CES by Dale Luck and R. J. Mical and it is told that show visitors completely blown away by this.

The demo itself was a very clever demonstration of how it's custom chips could be used to fake an effect rather than to create it with pure processing power.
In reality nothing on screen is redrawn during the demo.

The ball itself is rendered at the beginning of the demo and then 'animated' with the color cycling method.
The motion of the ball is done by moving the scroll positions of the different bitplanes. It uses 3 bitplanes, while the grid uses another bitplane and the shadow uses the last bitplane.
The clever selection of color registers makes it possible to have a shadow that works correctly with the grid while not interfering with the ball. This is also the reason why this image needs 32 colors and why the color palette contains mostly duplicates.

All this means that the demo does full hardware scrolling, costing next to no cpu processing power.

  • Amiga
JensEisert_Spacecraft
Printed in Amiga Magazin July 1988 - Page 142

DefenderOfTheCrown2
DefenderOfTheCrownCDTV
DefenderOfTheCrown
  • Defender of the Crown 2
  • Amiga
DefenderOfTheCrown2
  • Defender of the Crown (CDTV)
  • Prequel
DefenderOfTheCrownCDTV
  • Defender of the Crown
  • IFF
  • Prequel
DefenderOfTheCrown

DefenderOfTheCrown2_BritainMap
DefenderOfTheCrown_BritainMap
  • From Defender of the Crown 2
  • Amiga
DefenderOfTheCrown2_BritainMap
The hand painted map from Defender of the Crown was replaced by a picture that was grabbed from video and touched up.

This was a technique that Jim used more often in his later work to speed up his workflow, because pixeling everything by hand took a lot of time, which was rarely available when developing a game.
  • From Defender of the Crown
  • IFF
  • Prequel
DefenderOfTheCrown_BritainMap

DefenderOfTheCrown2_CastleNorman_day
DefenderOfTheCrown2_CastleNorman_night
DefenderOfTheCrown_CastleNorman_day
DefenderOfTheCrown_CastleNorman_night
  • Defender of the Crown 2 - Day time palette
  • Amiga
DefenderOfTheCrown2_CastleNorman_day
  • Defender of the Crown 2 - Night time palette
  • IFF
  • Variation
DefenderOfTheCrown2_CastleNorman_night
  • Defender of the Crown - Day time palette
  • IFF
  • Prequel
DefenderOfTheCrown_CastleNorman_day
The castle pictures from Defender of the Crown used the same picture but with different color palettes for the day and night time versions.
  • Defender of the Crown - Night time palette
  • IFF
  • Prequel
DefenderOfTheCrown_CastleNorman_night

DefenderOfTheCrown2_CastleNormanHall
DefenderOfTheCrown_CastleNormanHall
  • Amiga
DefenderOfTheCrown2_CastleNormanHall
From Defender of the Crown 2
DefenderOfTheCrown_CastleNormanHall
From Defender of the Crown

DefenderOfTheCrown2_Normans
DefenderOfTheCrown_Normans
  • Defender of the Crown 2
  • IFF
  • Amiga
DefenderOfTheCrown2_Normans
  • Defender of the Crown
  • IFF
  • Prequel
DefenderOfTheCrown_Normans

DefenderOfTheCrown2_RobinHood
DefenderOfTheCrown_RobinHood
  • Defender of the Crown 2
  • IFF
  • Amiga
DefenderOfTheCrown2_RobinHood
  • Defender of the Crown
  • IFF
  • Prequel
DefenderOfTheCrown_RobinHood
This image was not drawn by Jim Sachs and he was not happy with it. He therefore created a completely new version for Defender of the Crown 2.

  • Amiga
JimSachs_20000LeaguesUnderTheSea_Beach

JimSachs_20000LeaguesUnderTheSea_Shipwreck
JimSachs_20000LeaguesUnderTheSea_Shipwreck_var
  • Amiga
JimSachs_20000LeaguesUnderTheSea_Shipwreck
JimSachs_20000LeaguesUnderTheSea_Shipwreck_var

JimSachs_20000LeaguesUnderTheSea_Sunset
This image belonged to a sequence where the Nautilus can be seen sinking slowly in the sunset. Jim captured this sequence from a VHS recording that he had made from the game demo during development and posted it on his personal YouTube channel.

JimSachs_Aquarium

JimSachs_Centurion_RomanEmpire

JimSachs_PortsOfCall
JimSachs_PortsOfCall_var
  • Amiga
JimSachs_PortsOfCall
  • Variation
JimSachs_PortsOfCall_var
Jim re-used the title picture for Ports of Call in his abandoned [link=/game/20000LeaguesUnderTheSea.html]20.000 Leagues under the Sea[/link] project.

The german magazine Amiga Magazin did an article on Jim Sachs in their August 1989 issue. They previewed a screen from the project, while it was still in development, and you can clearly see the same sky, mountains and buildings.

$2

  • Amiga
JimSachs_PortsOfCall_Storm

JimSachs_Sonix
JimSachs_Sonix_var
JimSachs_Sonix
  • Variation
JimSachs_Sonix_var
I'm not sure if this splash screen is genuine, but I've stumbled across this multiple times. It's definitely not by Jim Sachs, but interesting, nonetheless.

KenCostello_3DCover

KenCostello_Atom

KenCostello_Box

KenCostello_ChartArt
KenCostello_Graph
KenCostello_ChartArt
KenCostello_Graph

KenCostello_CityLights

KenCostello_ComputerWest

KenCostello_CopperState

KenCostello_FishFood

KenCostello_Ignition

KenCostello_JadeGong

KenCostello_Kurta

KenCostello_Spring
KenCostello_Storm
KenCostello_Blizzard
KenCostello_Blizzard_wip
KenCostello_Spring
First image in the series which only shares the mountain scape in the background with the other images.
KenCostello_Storm
Nicely animated rainstorm. Color cycling is put to good use for raindrops, the river and even the occasional lightning.
KenCostello_Blizzard
The same view but as a snow covered blizzard. This time we have animated snow falling, the river and some branches swaying in the wind.
KenCostello_Blizzard_wip
This seems to be a work in progress version, in between the storm and the blizzard. You can see this still has the rain from the storm and slightly less detailed chimney smoke, than the final version.

KenCostello_LightHouse

KenCostello_LookingUp

KenCostello_Nightdriver

KenCostello_OceanBox

KenCostello_Phases

KenCostello_PinCushion

KenCostello_PoolOfSpheres

KenCostello_Projections

KenCostello_Reflections

KenCostello_Relatives

KenCostello_Saucer

KenCostello_Shark

KenCostello_Smile

KenCostello_SpaceMountain

KenCostello_StarTrek_Warp1
KenCostello_StarTrek_Warp2
KenCostello_StarTrek_WarpOne
KenCostello_StarTrek_JimSpin
KenCostello_StarTrek_Warp1
KenCostello_StarTrek_Warp2
KenCostello_StarTrek_WarpOne
KenCostello_StarTrek_JimSpin

KenCostello_StreetLights

KenCostello_Tubular

KenCostello_Volcano

KenCostello_WhiteCaps

KenCostello_WoodByte

ljl_ArtificialHeart

ljl_Champagne

ljl_JumboDog
ljl_JumboDog_MoreDogs
ljl_JumboDog_wip1
ljl_JumboDog_wip2
ljl_JumboDog_wip3
ljl_JumboDog_wip4
ljl_JumboDog
  • Variation
ljl_JumboDog_MoreDogs
  • WIP
ljl_JumboDog_wip1
First, I drew a grid that would be a guide for my color-cycling landscape, and used several shades of tan all in the same row on my palette, so when I cycled them, the ground would appear to move.
  • WIP
ljl_JumboDog_wip2
Then, I added the mountains to the back-ground, far in the distance, so they wouldn't interfere with the illusion of movement.
  • WIP
ljl_JumboDog_wip3
Next I traced the hotdog from my sketchbook onto the screen, and laid in the basic colors using the Fill option. Then I used a single-pixel brush to create shading and reflections.
  • WIP
ljl_JumboDog_wip4
After about an hour or so of tweaking and fine-tuning, the image was finished - just in time to get home for dinner.

ljl_Skier

TimeWarp_GianaSisters
TimeWarp_StreetGang
  • 1988
  • Lowres (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors (29 used)
  • Amiga
TimeWarp_GianaSisters
Used in Future Tank, Great Giana Sisters
  • 1988
  • Lowres (PAL)
  • ColorCycling
  • 32 colors (29 used)
  • Variation
TimeWarp_StreetGang
Used in Street Gang

SAK_NightFlight

SAK_SnowScape

ThorstenSchlueter_AmigaMonitor